Lead-acid batteries are a widely used energy storage solution, known for their reliability and cost-effectiveness. They come in various types and capacities, catering to different applications.

Types of Lead-Acid Batteries

1. Flooded Lead-Acid Battery (FLA):

   • Description: This is the most traditional type of lead-acid battery, where the electrolyte freely moves inside the battery. It requires periodic maintenance, including refilling with distilled water.
   • Applications: Automotive (starter batteries), solar energy storage, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and industrial applications.
   • Voltage Range: Typically 2V, 6V, and 12V configurations.
   • Capacity Range: 20 Ah to 3000+ Ah.

2. Sealed Lead-Acid Battery (SLA):

   • Description: Unlike flooded batteries, SLAs are sealed, meaning they don’t require regular maintenance like refilling water. They include valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries and are generally maintenance-free.
   • Applications: Emergency lighting, UPS systems, alarm systems, and wheelchairs.
   • Voltage Range: Available in 6V, 12V, and sometimes higher voltages.
   • Capacity Range: 1.2 Ah to 200 Ah.

3. Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) Lead-Acid Battery:

   • Description: AGM batteries use a fiberglass mat to hold the electrolyte, making them spill-proof and more resistant to vibration. They are commonly used in applications requiring higher power output and deeper discharge cycles.
   • Applications: Motorcycles, marine, off-grid solar power systems, and high-performance vehicles.
   • Voltage Range: 6V and 12V.
   • Capacity Range: 10 Ah to 200 Ah.

4. Gel Lead-Acid Battery:

   • Description: Gel batteries use a gelled electrolyte, which makes them highly resistant to temperature changes and deep discharge cycles. They have longer cycle life compared to other lead-acid types.
   • Applications: Solar energy storage, marine applications, golf carts, and deep-cycle applications.
   • Voltage Range: 6V, 12V.
   • Capacity Range: 30 Ah to 200 Ah.

Applications of Lead-Acid Batteries

• Automotive: Primarily for starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) in vehicles.
• Energy Storage: Used in solar, wind, and backup power systems due to their reliable performance and scalability.
• Industrial: Forklifts, telecom towers, and backup systems for critical infrastructure.
• Marine and RVs: AGM and gel lead-acid batteries are commonly used for powering equipment and deep-cycle operations.